Guideline to Form GE

You are kindly asked to fill in a Form GE for all official traits in your country and submit the form(s) to the Interbull Centre ( interbull@slu.se ). We require that all traits submitted to Interbull evaluations are described in a Form GE in such a way that it is easy to understand exactly what traits are included in the international genetic evaluations.

We also encourage you to submit details for all other official traits in your country to facilitate transparency.

Please follow these guidelines as closely as possible when filling out the form(s) in order to accomplish this and in order for forms to be as homogeneous across country as possible.

General Guidelines

• Write in English.

• Use one form for each main trait group. Number sub-traits within a main trait group and refer to
  these numbers throughout the document, when you have evaluations for more than one trait per main
  trait group.

• Provide details on genetic parameters in Appendix GE. In addition to this, provide parameters for the
  production, conformation, and health traits that are submitted for international genetic evaluations in
  Appendix PR, CO/BCO, and SM, respectively.

• Do not modify the form, i.e. keep all appendices even if they are empty, but feel free to add for
  instance tables with genetic (co-)variances.

• Be detailed, but concise.
• Quantify answers wherever possible.

• Give as detailed information as possible, but remember that some information is better than no
  information!
  

Specific Guidelines:

Country (or countries)
Give the complete name. Write all country names if joint evaluation.

Main trait group
Either: Production, Conformation, Health, Longevity, Calving, Female fertility, Workability, Beef production, Efficiency, or Other traits.

Breed(s)
Give the complete name of the breed(s). If a breed is evaluated together with a different breed, write the breed of evaluation in parenthesis.

Trait(s), trait definition(s) and unit(s) of measurement
Briefly state the definition of the trait in words (e.g. fat percentage, non- return rate 56d, etc). Write the unit of measurement, e.g. liter, kg, lb, 1000cells/ml, etc. Indicate frequencies per category if the trait is categorical and specify transformation of data if practiced. For combined traits give the exact formula used to combine sub-traits. Press enter before each new trait is described and number the traits (this number should be used to make reference to a particular trait throughout the document).

Method of measuring and collecting data Indicate source of data (e.g. milk recording, AI studs, veterinary reporting, slaughterhouse, etc). Explain briefly how the reported records are collected.

Time period for data inclusion Give a date, e.g. calving since 1985, cows born since 1980, etc.

Age groups (e.g. parities) included If more than one lactation is used, are there any weighting involved? What are these weights? Use parity = 0 for heifers.

Other criteria (data edits) for inclusion of records: e.g. acceptable limits for phenotypic expression?, missing pedigree, status of herd/animal, etc

Criteria for extension of records (if applicable) e.g. minimum and maximum number of test days required and extension method/formula.

Sire categories Give sire categories included in the genetic evaluations: AI vs. NS, 1st vs. 2nd crop, young vs. proven bulls, percentage of ET produced bulls, etc., and preferably quantify number of sires in each category.

Environmental effects, pre-adjustments What are the records adjusted for (age, heterogeneous variance, days open, etc)? Are pre-adjustments additive or multiplicative, i.e. affecting only the mean or both mean and variance? Write the relevant pre-adjustment equations and provide a copy of the key reference. How often are pre-adjustment factors updated (last update)? Give the base in months for age adjustments, if applicable.

Method (model) of genetic evaluation Use abbreviations for most common effects (list of abbreviations available on our website under Service> Service Documentation >Abbreviations to use in Interbull forms) e.g. MT-ML-RR-AM, Survival kit. If weighted analysis (e.g. records in progress) please give weights.

Environmental effects in the genetic evaluation model State nature of these effects (e.g. continuous, discontinuous), number of levels, and in parenthesis how they are treated (e.g. fixed=F, random=R).

Adjustment for heterogeneous in variance in evaluation model Indicate whether adjusted for in the model and if so what is adjusted for and how. Please give reference(s) if available.

Use of genetic groups and relationships Is the relationship matrix modified in any way? What is the grouping based on? Birth year? Percentage of the breed purity? Country of origin? Etc?

Blending of foreign/Interbull information in evaluation Yes or no. If yes, please briefly explain how or give reference.

Genetic parameters in the evaluation Give ALL genetic parameters assumed in genetic model (h2, 2p, rg, rp, t, c, etc) in appendix GE. Provide information also in appendices PR, CO, BCO, SM, as applicable, if you participate in the international genetic evaluations of Interbull.

System validation Explain the validation process: Checks on data quality / model, trend estimation? RBV correlations? Etc.

Expression of genetic evaluations If standardised (e.g. RBV), give standardisation formula on PART 2: EBV, ETA, RBV, PD, etc. and units used. Provide standardization formula when practiced

Definition of genetic reference base How is the genetic (reference) base defined: cow or bull; Fixed or rolling; birth year, calving year or proof year; etc.

Next base change

Calculation of reliability Briefly state how reliabilities are calculated and give reference if available.

Criteria for official publication of evaluations Minimum reliability or number of daughters / herd, etc.

Number of evaluations / publications per year 1, 2, 3,...? Which month(s)?

Use in total merit index Name the total merit (performance) index and its constituents. Give economic weights and indicate how they are expressed (preferably in genetic standard deviation units).

Anticipated changes in the near future State the nature and the date of the anticipated / planned change.

Key reference on methodology applied Please name the key references, which are used as the basis of the current genetic evaluations.

Key organization: name, address, phone, fax, e-mail, web site Be explicit.

Status as of: PLEASE ENTER A DAY

Form GE

Download the MS-Word version HERE FormGE]

DESCRIPTION OF NATIONAL GENETIC EVALUATION SYSTEMS

1) Either: Production (e.g. milk, fat, protein), Conformation, Health (e.g. mastitis resistance, milk somatic cell, resistance to diseases other than mastitis), Longevity, Calving (e.g. stillbirth, calving ease), Female fertility (e.g. non-return rate, interval between reproductive events, number of AI’s, heat strength), Workability (e.g. milking speed, temperament), Beef production, Efficiency (e.g. body weight, energy balance, body conditioning score), or Other traits.

2) Indicate frequencies per category if the trait is categorical and specify transformation of data if practiced.

3) Use abbreviations for most common effects (see document with list of abbreviations at www.interbull.org/service/service documentation/abbreviation to use in Interbull forms) and indicate random (R) or fixed (F).

4) Please give economic weights and indicate how they are expressed (preferably in genetic standard deviation units).

Form GE Appendix GE Parameters used in genetic evaluation

^a Indicate, with X, traits that are submitted to Interbull for international genetic evaluations.

^b If repeated records are treated as separate traits, provide heritability estimates and genetic variances separately for each trait, as well as for all traits pooled, i.e. for the trait submitted to Interbull.

^c Expressed as follows: StandEval=((eval-a)/b)*c+d where a=mean of the base adjustment, b=standard deviation of the base, c=standard deviation of expression (include sign if scale is reversed), and d=base of expression.

Form GE Appendix PR Parameters for national genetic evaluations for production traits as provided to Interbull

^a If lactations, or part of lactations, are treated as separate traits, provide heritability estimates and genetic variances separately for each lactation, as well as for all lactations pooled, i.e. for the trait submitted to Interbull.^b Expressed as follows: StandEval=((eval-a)/b)*c+d where a=mean of the base adjustment, b=standard deviation of the base, c=standard deviation of expression (include sign if scale is reversed), and d=base of expression.

Form GE Appendix CO Parameters for national genetic evaluations for conformation traits as provided to Interbull
(all breeds except Brown Swiss)

^a If repeated records are treated as separate traits, provide heritability estimates and genetic variances separately for each trait, as well as for all traits pooled, i.e. for the trait submitted to Interbull.^b Expressed as follows: StandEval=((eval-a)/b)*c+d where a=mean of the base adjustment, b=standard deviation of the base, c=standard deviation of expression (include sign if scale is reversed), and d=base of expression.

Form GE Appendix BCO Parameters for national genetic evaluations for conformation traits as provided to Interbull

^a If repeated records are treated as separate traits, provide heritability estimates and genetic variances separately for each trait, as well as for all traits pooled, i.e. for the trait submitted to Interbull.^b Expressed as follows: StandEval=((eval-a)/b)*c+d where a=mean of the base adjustment, b=standard deviation of the base, c=standard deviation of expression (include sign if scale is reversed), and d=base of expression.

Form GE Appendix SM Parameters for national genetic evaluations for udder health traits as provided to Interbull

^a If repeated records are treated as separate traits, provide heritability estimates and genetic variances separately for each trait, as well as for all traits pooled, i.e. for the trait submitted to Interbull.^b Expressed as follows: StandEval=((eval-a)/b)*c+d where a=mean of the base adjustment, b=standard deviation of the base, c=standard deviation of expression (include sign if scale is reversed), and d=base of expression.

Form GE Appendix LO Parameters for national genetic evaluations for longevity traits as provided to Interbull

^{a Expressed as follows: StandEval=((eval-a)/b)*c+d where a=mean of the base adjustment, b=standard deviation of the base, c=standard deviation of expression (include sign if scale is reversed), and d=base of expression.}

Form GE Appendix CA Parameters for national genetic evaluations for calving traits as provided to Interbull

^{a Expressed as follows: StandEval=((eval-a)/b)*c+d where a=mean of the base adjustment, b=standard deviation of the base, c=standard deviation of expression (include sign if scale is reversed), and d=base of expression.}

Download the MS-Word version HERE form_VAL_PR.rtf

Form VAL_PR DESCRIPTION OF TREND VALIDATION RESULTS FOR PRODUCTION TRAITS

Download the MS-Word version HERE form_VAL_CO.rtf

Form VAL_CO DESCRIPTION OF TREND VALIDATION RESULTS FOR CONFORMATION TRAITS

Download the MS-Word version HERE Form_VAL_LO.rtf

Form VAL_LO DESCRIPTION OF TREND VALIDATION RESULTS FOR LONGEVITY TRAITS

Download the MS-Word version HERE Form_VAL_CA.rtf

Form VAL_CA DESCRIPTION OF TREND VALIDATION RESULTS FOR CALVING TRAITS

Download the MS-Word version HERE Form_VAL_WO.rtf

Form VAL_WO DESCRIPTION OF TREND VALIDATION RESULTS FOR WORKABILITY TRAITS

Guideline to Form GENO

You are kindly asked to fill in a Form GENO for all official traits in your country and submit the form(s) to the Interbull Centre ( interbull@slu.se ). We require that all traits submitted for a GMACE evaluations are described in a Form GENO in such a way that it is easy to understand exactly what traits are included in the GMACE international genetic evaluations. We also encourage you to submit details for all other official traits in your country to facilitate transparency. Please follow these guidelines as closely as possible when filling out the form(s) in order to accomplish this and in order for forms to be as homogeneous across country as possible.

General Guidelines

• Write in English.
• Use one form for each main trait group. Number sub-traits within a main trait group and refer to these numbers throughout the document, when you have evaluations for more than one trait per main trait group.
• Provide details on genetic parameters in Appendix GENO.
• Do not modify the form, i.e. keep all appendices even if they are empty, but feel free to add for instance tables with genetic (co-)variances.
• Be detailed, but concise.
• Quantify answers wherever possible.

• Give as detailed information as possible, but remember that some information is better than no information!
  

Specific Guidelines:

Country (or countries)
Give the complete name. Write all country names if joint evaluation.

Main trait group
Either: Production, Conformation, Health, Longevity, Calving, Female fertility, Workability

Breed(s)
Give the complete name of the breed(s). If a breed is evaluated together with a different breed, write the breed of evaluation in parenthesis.

Trait(s), trait definition(s) and unit(s) of measurement
Briefly state the definition of the trait in words (e.g. fat percentage, non- return rate 56d, etc). Write the unit of measurement, e.g. liter, kg, lb, 1000cells/ml, etc. Indicate frequencies per category if the trait is categorical and specify transformation of data if practiced. For combined traits give the exact formula used to combine sub-traits. Press enter before each new trait is described and number the traits (this number should be used to make reference to a particular trait throughout the document).

Source of genotypes
Indicate source of data, i.e. chips used

Imputation method for missing genotypes
Describe the methodology applied.

Propagation of genomic information to non-genotyped descendants and ancestors
Describe methodology used

Animals included in reference population
define number of males, females, countries included, total number

Source of phenotypic data
DYD, de-regressed proofs, national EBVs and/or MACE evaluations

Other criteria (data edits) for inclusion of records
Explain briefly

Criteria for extension of records
(if applicable) e.g. minimum and maximum number of test days required and extension method/formula.

Sire categories
Give sire categories included in the genetic evaluations: AI vs. NS, 1st vs. 2nd crop, young vs. proven bulls, percentage of ET produced bulls, etc., and preferably quantify number of sires in each category.

Genomic model
linear, Bayesian, polygenic effect, genotypes or haplotypes

Blending of direct genomic value (DGV) with traditional EBV
Yes or no. If yes, please briefly explain how or give reference.

Environmental effects in the genetic evaluation model
State nature of these effects (e.g. continuous, discontinuous), number of levels, and in parenthesis how they are treated (e.g. fixed=F, random=R).

Adjustment for heterogeneous in variance in evaluation model
Indicate whether adjusted for in the model and if so what is adjusted for and how. Please give reference(s) if available.

Computation of genomic reliability
Describe how the genomic reliability is calculated

Blending of foreign/Interbull information in evaluation
Yes or no. If yes, please briefly explain how or give reference.

Genetic parameters in the evaluation
Use Appendix GENO for heritability/genetic variance estimates

Expression of genetic evaluations
If standardized (e.g. RBV), give standardization formula in the appendix

Definition of genetic reference base
How is the genetic (reference) base defined: cow or bull; Fixed or rolling; birth year, calving year or proof year; etc.

Labeling of genomic evaluations

Criteria for official publication of evaluations
Minimum reliability or number of daughters / herd, etc.

Number of evaluations / publications per year
1, 2, 3,...? Which month(s)?

Use in total merit index
Name the total merit (performance) index and its constituents. Give economic weights and indicate how they are expressed (preferably in genetic standard deviation units).

Anticipated changes in the near future
State the nature and the date of the anticipated / planned change.

Key reference on methodology applied
Please name the key references, which are used as the basis of the current genetic evaluations.

Key organization: name, address, phone, fax, e-mail, web site
Be explicit.

Form GENO

Status as of: PLEASE ENTER A DATE (YYYY-MM-DD)

Download the MS-Word version HERE FormGENO.

DESCRIPTION OF NATIONAL GENOMIC EVALUATION SYSTEMS

^aEither: Production (e.g. milk, fat, protein), Conformation, Health (e.g. mastitis resistance, milk somatic cell, resistance to diseases other than mastitis), Longevity, Calving (e.g. stillbirth, calving ease), Female fertility (e.g. non-return rate, interval between reproductive events, number of AI’s, heat strength), Workability (e.g. milking speed, temperament), Beef production, Efficiency (e.g. body weight, energy balance, body conditioning score), or Other traits.

System Validation

Appendix GENO

Parameters used in genetic/genomic evaluation

^aIndicate, with X, traits that are submitted to Interbull for international genetic evaluations. ^bIf repeated records are treated as separate traits, provide heritability estimates and genetic variances separately for each trait, as well as for all traits pooled, i.e. for the trait submitted to Interbull. ^cExpressed as follows: StandEval=((eval-a)/b)*c+d where a=mean of the base adjustment, b=standard deviation of the base, c=standard deviation of expression (include sign if scale is reversed), and d=base of expression.