Form GE	Appendix CO

Parameters for national genetic evaluations for conformation traits as provided to Interbull
(all breeds except Brown Swiss)

Country (or countries):	USA	
Main trait group:	Conformation	
Breed(s):	HOL	

Trait	Definition	h2a	genetic
variancea	official proof
standardization formulab	
Stature	Hip height	0.43		a=0, b=1.81, c=1.0, d=0	
Chest width	Width of chest	0.28		a=0, b=1.24, c=1.0, d=0	
Body depth	Depth of rib cage	0.35		a=0, b=1.37, c=1.0, d=0	
Angularity	Sharpness and flatness of bone	0.31		a=0, b=1.22, c=1.0, d=0	
Rump angle	Angle of hooks to pins	0.35		a=0, b=1.55, c=1.0, d=0	
Rump width	Dist between inside wall of pins	  0.25		a=0, b=1.21, c=1.0, d=0	
Rear leg set	Amount of set to the hock joint	0.19		a=0, b=0.87, c=1.0, d=0	
Rear leg rear view 	Amount of hock in and/or toe out	0.11		a=0, b=0.71, c=1.0, d=0	
Foot angle	Steepness of the angle of the foot	0.12		a=0, b=0.75, c=1.0, d=0	
Fore udder	Strength of udder attachment	0.22		a=0, b=1.29, c=1.0, d=0	
Rear udder height	Point of rear udder attachment	0.20		a=0, b=1.07, c=1.0, d=0	
Udder support	Depth of the udder cleft	0.17		a=0, b=1.00, c=1.0, d=0	
Udder depth	Dist. between hock and udder floor	0.30		a=0, b=1.39, c=1.0, d=0	
Teat placement	Placement of front teats	0.27		a=0, b=1.40, c=1.0, d=0	
Teat length	Length of front teats	0.28		a=0, b=1.20, c=1.0, d=0	
Rear teat placement	Placement of rear teats	0.18		a=0, b=1.20, c=1.0, d=0	
Overall conformation 	Based on five major breakdowns	0.31		a=0, b=1.00, c=1.0, d=0	
Overall udder score	Calculated from linears	0.23		a=0, b=1.00, c=1.0, d=0	
Overall Feet & leg	Calculated from linears	0.17		a=0, b=0.84, c=1.0 d=0	
Locomotion	Mobility; scale is 1 to 100; 1 indicates impaired mobility 	0.17		a=0, b=0.84, c=1.0 d=0	
Body Condition Score	Scored as dairy form or angularity, scale is 1 to 50, 1 is low dairy form, or very fat; 50 is high dairy form or very thin	0.31		a=0, b=1.22, c=1.0 d=0
scale is reverse of body condition score	
a	If repeated records are treated as separate traits, provide heritability estimates and genetic variances separately for each trait, as well as for all traits pooled, i.e. for the trait submitted to Interbull.
b	Expressed as follows:
StandEval=((eval-a)/b)*c+d where a=mean of the base adjustment, b=standard deviation of the base, c=standard deviation of expression (include sign if scale is reversed), and d=base of expression.